J. C.  Fabricius, Systema antliatorum : secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Brunsvigae [=Brunswick]: C. Reichard, 1805, pp. xiv + 15-372 + [1] + 30 pp.

F. C.  Thompson, ?Keys to Nearctic Syrphidae (Diptera)?, p. 88, 1991.