J. C.  Fabricius, Mantissa insectorum: sistens eorum species nuper detectas, adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus, vol. 2. Hafniae [=Copenhagen]: C.G. Proft, 1787, p. [2] + 382 pp.

J. R.  Forster, Novae species insectorum. Centuria I, vol. Centuria 1. London: Davies & White, 1771, p. viii + l00 pp.

J. R.  Vockeroth, The flower flies of the subfamily Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska and Greenland, vol. 18. Ottawa: Canada Communications Group - Publishing, 1992, p. 456.

X.  Mengual, Ståhls, G., and Rojo, S., ?First phylogeny of predatory Flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification?, Cladistics, vol. 24, pp. 543-562, 2008.