C.  Linnaeus, Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis., 10th ed., vol. 1. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L. Salvii, 1758, p. 824 pp.

F. C.  Thompson, ?Keys to Nearctic Syrphidae (Diptera)?, p. 88, 1991.