@article {388, title = {Taxonomy of European Eristalinus (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on larval morphology and molecular data}, journal = {European Journal of Entomology}, volume = {100}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, pages = {417-428}, keywords = {Eristalinus, immature stages, life history, molecular systematics, morphology, Palaearctic, Syrphidae}, isbn = {1210-5759}, author = {P{\'e}rez-Ba{\~n}{\'o}n, Celeste and Rojo, Santos and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Marcos-Garc{\'{\i}a, M. {\'A}ngeles} } @article {445, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Cheilosia and the tribe Rhingiini (Diptera, Syrphidae) based on morphological and molecular characters}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {20}, year = {2004}, pages = {105{\textendash}122}, author = {St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Stuke, Jens-Hermann and Vujic, Ante and Doczkal, Dieter and Muona, Jyrki} } @article {443, title = {Phylogeny of Syrphidae (Diptera) inferred from combined analysis of molecular and morphological characters}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {28}, number = {4}, year = {2003}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, month = {October}, pages = {433-450}, abstract = {Syrphidae (Diptera) commonly called hoverflies, includes more than 5000 species world-wide. The aim of this study was to address the systematic position of the disputed elements in the intrafamilial classification of Syrphidae, namely the monophyly of Eristalinae and the placement of Microdontini and Pipizini, as well as the position of particular genera (Nausigaster, Alipumilio, Spheginobaccha). Sequence data from nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes in conjunction with larval and adult morphological characters of fifty-one syrphid taxa were analysed using optimization alignment to explore phylogenetic relationships among included taxa. A species of Platypezidae, Agathomyia unicolor, was used as outgroup, and also including one representative (Jassidophaga villosa) of the sister-group of Syrphidae, Pipunculidae. Sensitivity of the data was assessed under six different parameter values. A stability tree summarized the results. Microdontini, including Spheginobaccha, was placed basally, and Pipizini appeared as the sister-group to subfamily Syrphinae. The monophyly of subfamily Eristalinae was supported. The results support at least two independent origins of entomophagy in syrphids, and frequent shifts between larval feeding habitats within the saprophagous eristalines.}, keywords = {[Phylogeny / Intrafamilial relationships / Revaluation using combined, analysis of molecular \& morphological characters]., feeding habits / ] [Molecular genetics / Nuclear 28S rRNA \&, mitochondrial COI gene sequences / ] [Evolutionary adaptation / / ], Pipunculidae, Syrphidae [General morphology / / ] [Diet / Entomophagy \& larval}, url = {://ZOOR14002008264}, author = {St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Hippa, Heikki and Rotheray, Graham and Muona, Jyrki and Gilbert, Francis} } @article {442, title = {Placement of Cacoceria and phylogenetic relationships of the xylotine genera of the tribe Milesiini (Diptera, Syrphidae: Eristalinae) based on molecular characters}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1171}, year = {2006}, pages = {17-29}, keywords = {higher classification, phylogeny, Syrphidae}, author = {St{\r a}hls, Gunilla} } @article {398, title = {Testing molecular barcodes: Invariant mitochondrial DNA sequences vs the larval and adult morphology of West Palaearctic Pandasyopthalmus species (Diptera: Syrphidae: Paragini)}, journal = {European Journal of Entomology}, volume = {103}, year = {2006}, pages = {443-458}, author = {Rojo, Santos and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and P{\'e}rez-Ba{\~n}{\'o}n, Celeste and Marcos Garc{\'{\i}a, M. {\'A}ngeles} } @article {262, title = {Morphological characters of adult Syrphidae: descriptions and phylogenetic utility}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Fennica}, volume = {215}, year = {2005}, pages = {1-72}, abstract = {A dataset of 120 characters of syrphoid adult morphology was compiled. The taxon set comprises 48 species representing 43 genera of Syrphidae and two taxa of Pipunculidae (Nephrocerus lapponicus and Pipunculus sp.). The taxon set was chosen to comprise elements of all the assumed main clades of Syrphoidea. Platypezidae (Agathomyia falleni) was used as outgroup. The characters and character state assignments are discussed for each character. Fifty figures of characters and characters states are presented, either as drawings or as SEM images. A wealth of new characters was discovered in the ultrastructure of different types of setae and sensilla. The patterns of vestiture, including the microtrichia, are important and widely used. Also the characters of both male and female postabdomens constitute an important source. We discuss homologies of particular characters across the Syrphoidea. The parsimony analysis resulted in one most parsimonious tree of length 606 steps. Pipunculidae and Syrphidae are monophyletic. Contrary to all earlier hypotheses Neoascia + Sphegina appear as the sister group to all other Syrphidae. The Microdontinae (including Spheginobaccha), Nausigaster and the rest of Syrphidae are resolved in a trichotomy. The main group of Syrphidae is composed of two large clades roughly corresponding to the Eristalinae in the traditional sense, and (Callicerini + ((Rhingiini + Volucellini) + (Pipizini + Syrphinae))). The Eumerus group plus Syritta and Ceriana is the sister of that clade.}, keywords = {[Morphological variation / / Adult characters, descriptions \&, phylogenetic utility]., Pipunculidae, Syrphidae [General morphology / / ] [Phylogeny / / ]}, url = {://ZOOR14205028614}, author = {Hippa, Heikki and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla} } @article {590, title = {Two new species of the genus Merodon Meigen 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the island of Lesvos (Greece), in the eastern Mediterranean}, journal = {Ann. soc. entomol. Fr. (n.s.)}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, pages = {319-326}, abstract = {Descriptions are given of two new species of Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) from theisland of Lesvos (Greece): Merodon papillus Vuji{\'c}, Radenkovi{\'c} \& P{\'e}rez-Ba{\~n}on n. sp. from the rufi cornisgroup species and Merodon sapphous Vuji{\'c}, P{\'e}rez-Ba{\~n}on \& Radenkovi{\'c} n. sp. from the aureus group.In addition to classical morphological characters, partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI geneare generated for each taxon as DNA {\textquoteleft}barcodes{\textquoteright}. Main characteristics of the species habitats arereported. The zoogeographical signifi cance of these endemic taxa to the biodiversity of the island isdiscussed.}, author = {Vujic, Ante and P{\'e}rez-Ba{\~n}{\'o}n, Celeste and Radenkovic, Snezana and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Rojo, Santos and Petanidou, Theodora and Simic, Smiljka} } @article {35, title = {Integrative taxonomy of Iberian Merodon species (Diptera, Syrphidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1377}, year = {2006}, pages = {1-26}, abstract = {The genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Syrphidae, Diptera), with more than 50 European species, is primarily distributed in the Mediterranean region, there being 34 species that occur in the Iberian Peninsula. The morphological variation found within some species from the Iberian Peninsula prompted us to test their taxonomic status by integrating morphological and molecular data. We generated partial sequences of the mitochondrial, protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), the nuclear, internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region, and the D2 region of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene. COI and ITS2 sequences were obtained for most included taxa. The variability of the COI sequences showed great differences between the studied species groups, exhibiting an interspecific range from 0.29\% to 12.5\% between ingroup taxa. Closely related taxa of the aureus complex (e.g. M. quercetorum and M. legionensis) presented identical COI sequences. The obtained ITS2 sequences showed low intraspecific variability, and only a few taxa presented more than one genotype. Species status and delimitation were discussed for all taxa in the light of available morphological and molecular character information. Using the obtained sequence data for COI and 28S we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of the included taxa, using parsimony analysis. Separate analysis of the COI sequences identified four, quite wellsupported clades within Merodon, the desuturinus, albifrons, nigritarsis and aureus groups. Combined analysis of the COI and 28S genes produced a topology similar to the COI topology.}, keywords = {Merodon}, author = {Mengual, Ximo and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Vujic, Ante and Marcos-Garcia, M.A.} } @article {355, title = {Integrative taxonomy of Iberian Merodon species (Diptera, Syrphidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1377}, year = {2006}, pages = {1-26}, author = {Mengual, Ximo and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Vujic, Ante and Marcos-Garc{\'{\i}a, M. {\'A}ngeles} } @article {33, title = {Molecular phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera, Syrphidae) reveals diversity of lineages and non-monophyly of phytophagous taxa}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, month = {12/2008}, pages = {715-727}, abstract = {

Phylogenetic relationships of genera Allograpta, Sphaerophoria and Exallandra (Diptera, Syrphidae) were analyzed based on sequence data from the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The three genera are members of the subfamily Syrphinae, where nearly all members feed as larvae on soft-bodied Hemiptera and other arthropods. Phytophagous species have recently been discovered in two subgenera of Allograpta, sg Fazia and a new subgenus from Costa Rica. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined datasets were performed using parsimony, under static alignment and direct optimization, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Congruent topologies obtained from all the analyses indicate paraphyly of the genus Allograpta with respect to Sphaerophoria and Exallandra. Exallandra appears embedded in the genus Sphaerophoria, and both genera are placed within Allograpta. The distribution of phytophagous taxa in Allograpta indicates that plant feeding evolved at least twice in this group.

}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.01}, author = {Mengual, Ximo and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Rojo, Santos} } @article {1928, title = {First phylogeny of predatory Flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {24}, year = {2008}, pages = {543-562}, url = {http://entomology.si.edu/StaffPages/Mengual_Ximo/2008_Cladistics.pdf}, author = {Mengual, Ximo and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Rojo, Santos} } @article {3370, title = {Is the mega-diverse genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae) monophyletic? Evidence from molecular characters including the secondary structure of 28S rRNA}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {62}, year = {2012}, pages = {191-205}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790311004040}, author = {Mengual, Ximo and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Rojo, Santos} } @article {34, title = {A conspectus of the flower fly genus Allograpta (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of a new subgenus and species}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2214}, year = {2009}, pages = {1-28}, abstract = {

A new subgenus [Allograpta (Costarica Mengual \& Thompson), type Allograpta zumbadoi Thompson], and one new species [Allograpta (Costarica) nishida Mengual \& Thompson; type-locality: Costa Rica, type-depository: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica] of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are described from the Neotropical biotic region. A checklist of the world species of Allograpta including synonyms is provided, and a key to and diagnoses of the subgenera are also supplied. The phylogenetic relationships among Allograpta species, representing all hitherto detected morphological diversity of the genus, and related genera were studied under parsimony based on morphological characters.

}, issn = {1175-5334 (online edition)}, author = {Mengual, Ximo and Ruiz, Carlos and Rojo, Santos and St{\r a}hls, Gunilla and Thompson, F. Christian} }