@inbook {318,
	title = {New data on Syrphidae and Pipunculidae (Diptera : Syrphoidea) fauna of the Latvian SSR},
	booktitle = {[Recent problems of zoology : collected scientific papers]},
	year = {1989},
	note = {177 pp.Not OCR{\textquoteright}d - Russian},
	pages = {163-174},
	publisher = {P. Stuckas Latvijas Valsts universitate},
	organization = {P. Stuckas Latvijas Valsts universitate},
	address = {Riga},
	keywords = {Latvian SSR, new data, Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea},
	author = {Kuznetzov, S.},
	editor = {Zorenko, T.A.}
}
@article {319,
	title = {New fly species for the fauna of the USSR from the family Syrphidae and Pipunculidae (Diptera, Syrphoidea) in Latvia},
	journal = {Latvijas Psr Zinatnu Akademijas Vestis},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {101-105},
	keywords = {checklist, Latvia, Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea, USSR},
	author = {Kuznetzov, S.Y.}
}
@article {593,
	title = {Morphologische indizien f{\"u}r das unmittelbare schwestergruppenverh{\"a}ltnis der Schizophora mit den Syrphoidea ({\textquoteright}Aschiza{\textquoteright}) in der phylogenetischen systematik der Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera). [Morphological evidence for the direct sister group rel},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {25},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1531-1570},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {The phylogenetic relationships of the Schizophora with the families of the Aschiza were investigated on the basis of synapomorphies. Depending on the family, the sensory epithelium of the retinae of the compound eyes of flies consists either of populations of 2 ommatidial elements or of uniform ommatidia: duotype and monotype, respectively. Within the Cyclorrhapha, the monotype occurs exclusively in the Schizophora and Syrphoidea (= Syrphidae + Pipunculidae), whereas the duotype occurs in the remaining Aschiza. These 2 types form a plesio-apomorphous pair: on the basis of character state analysis the duotype was regarded as plesiomorphous and the monotype proved to be a synapomorphy of the Schizophora and Syrphoidea. The retinal pair was accorded a high relevance as an indicator of the the phylogenetic relationships in Cyclorrhapha owing to its special morphology and the very low probability of a parallel development of the apomorphous monotype. In this paper, the hypothesis of W. Hennig (1976) that the dorsobasal arista on the antennal flagellum in the Schizophora and Syrphoidea is a synapomorphy compared to the original apical arista was confirmed on the basis of literature studies. The monophyly of these 2 groups together, and their sister group relationship, were demonstrated in an argumentation scheme. 3 alterations of the conventional systematics of the Cyclorrhapha were undertaken: (a) the term {\textquoteright}Eumuscomorpha{\textquoteright} is introduced to designate a new monophyletic taxon of the Schizophora and Syrphoidea. (b) The remaining groups of the Aschiza are temporarily subsumed in a {\textquoteright}superfamily Platypezoidea{\textquoteright} owing to their manifestation of complementary symplesiomorphous characteristics. Until its phylogenetic character (monophyly or paraphyly) is unequivocally clarified, it remains an {\textquoteright}artificial{\textquoteright} entity. (c) The term {\textquoteright}Aschiza{\textquoteright} is for a taxon of the genealogical system no longer applicable.},
	keywords = {Aschiza, Brachycera, comparative morphology, compound eye, Cyclorrhapha, Diptera, phylogenetic, phylogeny, Pipunculidae, relationship, retina, Schizophora, Syrphoidea, Systematics, taxonomy},
	author = {Wada, S.}
}
@proceedings {420,
	title = {Relationships of the Syrphoidea (Diptera) and a preliminary look at the systematics of the Australian Neodorylini (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {57},
	publisher = {Joint National Conferences Organising Committee for Australian Systematic Botany Society, Society of Australian Biologists and Australasian Mycological Society},
	address = {Adelaide, South Australia},
	keywords = {molecular systematics, Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea},
	author = {Skevington, J.},
	editor = {Barker, Robyn M. and Barker, William R.}
}
@article {423,
	title = {Phylogeny of the Syrphoidea (Diptera) inferred from mtDNA sequences and morphology with particular reference to classification of the Pipunculidae (Diptera)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {212-224},
	keywords = {molecular systematics, phylogeny, Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea, total evidence},
	author = {Skevington, J.H. and Yeates, D.K.}
}
@article {137,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera) based on 28S rDNA sequences},
	journal = {Insect Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {33},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {445-456},
	abstract = {Cyclorrhaphan Diptera are an extremely successful clade of ecologically and phylogenenetically important flies. Despite their significance the relationships among lower cyclorrhaphans ({\textquoteright}Aschiza{\textquoteright}) remain controversial in spite of several morphologically based phylogenetic analyses. We sequenced a 2.7-kb fragment of 28S rDNA for taxa representing all lower cyclorrhaphan families (except Ironomyiidae), four schizophoran families, and seven empidoid outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of these data strongly supports a monophyletic Cyclorrhapha (including the enigmatic taxon Opetia nigra) that is divided into two clades - a well-supported Eumuscomorpha (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae + Schizophora), and a weakly-supported Platypezoidea (all non-Eumuscomorpha). Consequently, the former grouping known as Aschiza, which included syrphids and pipunculids, is not a valid monophyletic clade. Within Platypezoidea, most of our analyses place Lonchopteridae as sister group to Opetiidae, and strongly support the monophyly of Sciadoceridae + Phoridae. Among the Eumuscomorpha we do not recover the monophyly of Syrphoidea (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae). Instead, all analyses place Pipunculidae as the sister group to Schizophora. This novel finding has never been proposed based on morphological data and will require more data (both molecular and morphological) and taxa to confirm.},
	keywords = {Dolichopodidae, Empididae, Empidoidea, Eremoneura, molecular systematics, Pipunculidae, Platypezoidea, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOR13900025261},
	author = {Collins, Kenneth P. and Wiegmann, Brian M.}
}
