H.  Loew, ?Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Description H. Loew.?, in Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena, vol. Centuria quinta, Berolini, typis A.W. Schadii: Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 1864, pp. 49-104.

H.  Loew, ?Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Description H. Loew.?, in Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena, vol. Centuria quarta, Berolini, typis A.W. Schadii: Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1863, pp. 275-326.

F. C.  Thompson, ?Keys to Nearctic Syrphidae (Diptera)?, p. 88, 1991.