J. C.  Fabricius, Mantissa insectorum: sistens eorum species nuper detectas, adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus, vol. 2. Hafniae [=Copenhagen]: C.G. Proft, 1787, p. [2] + 382 pp.

F. C.  Thompson, ?Keys to Nearctic Syrphidae (Diptera)?, p. 88, 1991.